The present-day universities are functioning in an increasingly complex and turbulent surrounding. To meet the challenges of the competitive academic environment, flexibility and openness are getting critically important for the survival of academia. The public higher education institutions are required to adapt to changes in its working arrangement to outsmart …

In the age when revolutionary reforms are taking place in the workplace, the archaic filling system still holds a crtically important place as a part of the official business in the government offices in Pakistan. Being labour intensive, the manual filing system always has a poor tracking mechanism. Besides, it …